Temperature and Humidity (°C UNO)
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Design Dry Bulb Temperature
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36 for non-critical air coolers
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Design Wet Bulb Temperature
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29
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Maximum Ambient Temperature
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44
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Maximum Design Temperature
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60 for equipment and piping not exposed to direct solar radiation,
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Maximum Temperature for Solar Radiation
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75
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Minimum Design Temperature
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-40 for frost protection
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Atmospheric Conditions
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Relative Humidity (yearly average)
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68%
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Maximum Relative Humidity
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85% (coldest month)
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Minimum Relative Humidity
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33% (hottest month)
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Sandstorms
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Average Solids Load in Air
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26 mg/rn3 solids
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Maximum Solids Load in Air
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240 mg/m3 solids at 3m
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50 mg/rn3 solids at 6m
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Precipitation (mm UNO)
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Average Annual Rainfall
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160
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Maximum Rainfall for 10 min
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25
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Maximum Rainfall for 30 min
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40
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Maximum Rainfall for 60 min
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50
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Snow Levels
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50 to 200
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Snow Load
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0.5 kN/m2
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Ice Storms
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Occur periodically
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Soils Data
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Freezing Depth
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1.5m (top of pipe)
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Challenges
Fitness for purpose; proprietary passive fire protective coatings in extreme operating environments.
Site Location
The Tengiz oil field is located at the western end of the republic of Kazakhstan on the shore of the north-eastern tip of the Caspian sea. The field, facilities and infrastructure are established and are located a few kilometers from the edge of the sea, with camps some 10 km+ away from the process facilities. The site is remote with the nearest significant population center at Kulsary to the north east. Tengiz lies in the Atyrau Oblast (region) and the city of Atyrau on the northern shore of the Caspian at the Ural river estuary, is the nearest industrial centre.
Site Conditions
Tengiz lies at the extreme western edge of the grassland steppes in a semi arid location, subject to extremes of temperature (- 40 to +44°C) and wind chill. The Caspian Sea at this location is ice bound in the winter months. Sand storms are a problem with respect to erosion. A high water table and saliferous atmosphere increases corrosion potential and ground freezing.
Design for extremes of cold and heat are key issues.